中国科学院过程工程研究所机构知识库

焚烧是燃烧废物使之分解并无害化的过程，焚烧采用高温热处理技术，特别适宜处置有机成份多、热值高的废液废气。然而，废液废气的高温焚烧会产生污染物NOx，尤其是废液废气中含有化合态存在的氮元素，将产生燃料型NOx，较之热力型NOx更难于控制。对于含氮废液废气焚烧，燃料型NOx是焚烧系统NOx产生的主要来源，常规的焚烧技术无法有效降低燃料型NOx和满足日趋严格的排放标准。开展高燃料氮废液废气焚烧技术研究和空气分级燃烧NOx控制技术研究，具有重要的实际意义。本论文主要研究内容和相关结论如下：1) 依据燃料型NOx的生成机理和主要影响因素，提出了空气分级燃烧方案的设计原则和主要设计参数的推荐值，还原段的过量空气系数宜为0.6～0.9，还原段的操作温度宜为900℃～1500℃，还原段停留时间可取0.5s～1.0s；氧化段操作温度宜为900℃～1150℃，烟气氧含量宜为2%～5%，氧化段停留时间可取1.0～1.5s。2) 针对胺类高燃料氮废液的物料特性，确定了焚烧系统设计方案和焚烧空气分级燃烧方案的主要设计参数，确定还原段过量空气系数0.8，操作温度1,350℃，停留时间0.8s，由工业水调节还原段操作温度，氧化段操作温度1,050℃，烟气氧含量9.0%，停留时间1.2s。3) 针对吡啶类高燃料氮废液废气的物料特性，确定了焚烧系统设计方案和焚烧空气分级燃烧方案的主要设计参数，还原段过量空气系数0.8，操作温度1,500℃，停留时间0.7s，由降温蒸汽调节还原段操作温度，氧化段操作温度1,050℃，烟气氧含量8.5%，停留时间1.2s。4) 针对硝基高燃料氮废水的物料特性和现有焚烧工艺存在的不足，确定了焚烧系统设计方案和焚烧空气分级燃烧方案的主要设计参数，确定还原段过量空气系数0.8，操作温度1,000℃，停留时间0.6s，氧化段操作温度900℃，烟气氧含量3.5%，停留时间1.2s。5) 根据本文提出的设计方案，完成实际工程项目的设计和建设，获得了实际工程运行数据。数据分析表明，采用空气分级燃烧技术，烟气排放NOx浓度小于300mg/Nm3，较之常规焚烧技术，NOx减少80%以上，在控制高燃料氮废液废气焚烧的NOx排放方面取得了良好的效果，是一种具有广泛前景的处理技术。;Incineration is a process of decomposition and harmlessness by burning waste. High temperature heat treatment technology is used for incineration. It is especially suitable for treating waste liquid and gas with many organic components and high calorific value. However, the high temperature incineration of waste liquid and gas will produce pollutant NOx, especially the nitrogen element in the waste liquid and waste gas, which will produce fuel-type NOx, which is more difficult to control than thermal-type NOx.For nitrogen-containing waste liquid and gas incineration, fuel-type NOx is the main source of NOx production in the incineration system. Traditional incineration technology can not effectively reduce the fuel-type NOx and meet increasingly stringent emission standards. It is of great practical significance to study the incineration technology of high fuel nitrogen waste liquid and gas and the control technology of NOx in air staged combustion.The main research contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows:1) Based on the formation mechanism and main influencing factors of fuel-type NOx, the design principles and recommended values of main design parameters of air staged combustion scheme are put forward. The excess air coefficient in reduction section should be 0.6～0.9, the operation temperature in reduction section should be 900℃～1,500℃, and the residence time in reduction section should be 0.5s～1.0s. The optimum operating temperature is 900℃～1,150℃, the oxygen content in flue gas is 2%～5%, and the residence time in oxidation stage is 1.0s～1.5s.2) In view of the material characteristics of amine high fuel nitrogen waste liquid, the design scheme of incineration system and the main design parameters of incineration air staged combustion scheme are determined. The excess air coefficient in the reduction section is 0.8, the operating temperature is 1,350℃, and the residence time is 0.8s. The operating temperature in the reduction section is adjusted by industrial water and the operating temperature in the oxidation section is 1,050℃. The oxygen content in flue gas is 9.0% and the residence time is 1.2s.3) In view of the material characteristics of pyridine high fuel nitrogen waste liquid and gas, the main design parameters of the incineration system design scheme and the incineration air staged combustion scheme are determined. The excess air coefficient in the reduction section is 0.8, the operating temperature is 1,500℃, and the residence time is 0.7s. The operating temperature in the reduction section is adjusted by the cooling steam and the operating temperature in the oxidation section is 1,050℃. The oxygen content of flue gas is 8.5% and the residence time is 1.2s.4) In view of the material characteristics of nitro high fuel nitrogen wastewater and the shortcomings of the existing incineration process, the design scheme of the incineration system and the main design parameters of the incineration air staged combustion scheme are determined. The excess air coefficient of reduction section is 0.8, the operating temperature is 1,000℃, the residence time is 0.6s, the operating temperature of oxidation section is 900℃, the oxygen content of flue gas is 3.5%, and the residence time is 1.2s.5) According to the design scheme proposed in this paper, the design and construction of the actual project are completed, and the actual project operation data are obtained. The data analysis shows that the air staged combustion technology has a NOx concentration of less than 300 mg/Nm3, which is more than 80% lower than that of conventional incineration technology. It has achieved good results in controlling NOx emissions from high fuel nitrogen waste liquid and gas incineration and it is a kind of treatment technology with broad prospects.